Nexium, or esomeprazole, relieves a number of stomach-related complaints. It works by blocking a proton pump and reducing the production of acid in the stomach.

They are normally prescribed to treat problems related to backlog tum acrid, including gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.

This article will look at the uses of Nexium, how it works, and any adverse effects or precautions.

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Nexium and other PPIs are prescribed for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other gastric conditions.

Nexium is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), ane of the most widely sold groups of drugs in the globe.

PPIs such as Nexium reduce stomach acid secretion. They affect the parietal cells in the tum wall. These cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic cistron, an important factor in the absorption of vitamin B 12.

The drug works by inhibiting hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase), a transporter that is responsible for acidifying the stomach.

Nexium is most ordinarily used to treat the following weather condition:

Dyspepsia, or indigestion: Symptoms include nausea, heartburn, and upper abdominal fullness and hurting.

Peptic ulcer disease: There is a gap in the lining of the tum, esophagus, or intestine.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A chronic status where tum acrid comes upwardly from the stomach into the esophagus and damages the mucosa, leading to heartburn.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A pancreatic tumor overstimulates the product of tummy acid.

Nexium may exist used past patients who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This is due to NSAIDs' propensity to produce stomach ulcers; Nexium helps prevent their germination.

PPIs include Aciphex, Zegerid, Prilosec, Protonix and Prevacid.

The effects of Nexium on balmy symptoms are comparable to similar drugs. However, Nexium appears to be more than constructive than some drugs for more severe symptoms.

It also appears to improve esophageal healing rates, compared with some other leading brands.

Nexium comes as a capsule, which prevents it from being released too quickly. A rapid release would cause the medication to exist broken downwardly by the stomach acid.

Other means of taking information technology include mixing granules with h2o, and delivering this solution through a feeding tube.

It is usually taken in one case a day, at the same time every 24-hour interval, around 1 60 minutes before eating. For some conditions, information technology is taken twice a day.

It is important to follow the doctor's instructions and to read the information leaflet carefully.

The most mutual adverse effects of Nexium are:

  • headache
  • diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence
  • decreased ambition
  • constipation
  • dry out mouth or an unusual gustation in the mouth
  • intestinal pain

Less ordinarily, information technology may lead to:

  • allergic reactions
  • nighttime urine
  • chest or back pain
  • acne
  • changes in eye rhythm
  • fever
  • yellow coloration of the eyes or pare, known as jaundice
  • extreme fatigue and musculus weakness
  • unusual bleeding or bruising
  • paresthesia, a tingling or prickly awareness
  • persistent sore pharynx
  • severe stomach pain
  • muscle spasms and shaking
  • diarrhea and watery stools
  • seizures

If anyone has any of these symptoms, they should contact a doctor immediately.

Nexium tin give rise to some additional bug.

Hip fracture

At that place is some show that long-term use of esomeprazole tin can increase the chances of hip fracture.

One theory is that PPIs interfere with calcium absorption, which may weaken bones.

Another is that they touch normal bone recycling past inhibiting proton pumps in the torso that are involved in bone creation and remodeling.

One study found no link between abdominal calcium absorption and PPI use in women after menopause. The researchers notation that this could be considering it was a short-term investigation, lasting only xxx days, or because people who use a PPI may have other risk factors already.

Other studies take establish no link between depression calcium absorption and PPI apply.

Clostridium difficile infection

PPIs have been linked with an initial bout of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and recurrence. Some researchers suggest that some people are prescribed a PPI without needing one, and that discontinuing employ could reduce the gamble of infection.

Pneumonia

One report of data for 63,878 hospital admissions to a hospital in Boston, MA, from January 2004 through December 2007, establish that patients using PPIs had a xxx-percent higher adventure of developing infirmary-acquired pneumonia.

Over half of the patients admitted were prescribed a PPI, and 2,219 of them acquired pneumonia in the hospital, or 3.5 percent of all the patients.

A study in the United Kingdom (U.G.) found that outpatients using a PPI had a higher risk of pneumonia than the general population for the first 30 days of using the drug, and particularly in the kickoff 2 days.

Polyps

Nexium and other PPIs may be associated with hyperplasia, or a thickening of the tummy lining, which could lead to a benign tumor. Yet, evidence supporting this is limited.

Kidney damage

Some studies take found a correlation betwixt PPIs and chronic kidney disease, only it is non clear whether the link is causal.

Nutritional

Some evidence suggests that, because gastric acid breaks down food, and because PPIs reduce the levels of acid, nutritional deficits may occur.

Some researchers have suggested that PPIs might interfere with the absorption of calcium, atomic number 26, and vitamin B 12, but more studies are needed to confirm this.

In that location are many confounding variables, nevertheless, and how these factors interact is not yet fully understood. The strongest testify for nutritional shortfalls is in regard to magnesium.

Nexium is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme CYP2C19, and then it might affect drugs that rely on this enzyme.

Diazepam and warfarin are broken downwards by CYP2C19. If these are used aslope a PPI, level of agile ingredients in the body might ascension.

Clopidogrel (Plavix) needs CYP2C19 to be converted into its active grade. Using this type of drug aslope Nexium will reduce its effect.

Changes in stomach acidity can also bear on the way certain drugs are captivated.

Ketoconazole and atazanavir are best absorbed in an acidic environment. Ketoconazole is an antifungal treatment, and atazanavir is used in HIV therapy,

Erythromycin is degraded by tummy acrid. A more than alkaline situation will increase absorption.

An overdose can pb to:

  • confusion
  • drowsiness
  • vision issues
  • nausea
  • sweating and flushing
  • headache
  • dry out rima oris
  • rapid heartbeat

In the instance of an overdose, contact the local poison control middle or seek medical attending.

Research published in 2016 found that people using a PPI had an 11.8-percent chance of chronic kidney disease (CKD) over 10 years, compared with an expected risk of 8.5 pct if they had not used a PPI.

However, it is possible that people who are prescribed a PPI may already exist at higher run a risk of CKD.

In 2013, over 15 meg Americans were using a prescription PPI.

Statistics suggest that between 40 and 70 pct of patients are given some kind of PPI during a stay in the hospital.

Studies suggest that upward to 70 percent of PPI use may non be necessary, and that in 25 percentage of cases, the person could terminate utilize information technology without the chance of developing symptoms.

People who use a PPI and who feel they may non be at chance of symptoms should speak to their doctor about the possibility of discontinuing its use.

Always follow the physician'due south advice when using any medication, and read the patient information leaflet earlier use.